A comprehensive archive of legal notes, arbitral digests, and public international law commentary.
An analysis of the Court's evolving standing doctrine, examining how non-injured applicant states are weaponizing multilateral conventions to bypass traditional bilateral injury requirements.
Examining the jurisdictional collision between the BBNJ High Seas Treaty, Area-based management tools, and traditional Mare Liberum rights under UNCLOS Article 87.
Analyzing the ICJ's landmark Advisory Opinion delineating due diligence obligations under customary international law and state responsibility for climate-induced transboundary harm.
Examining the collision between Rome Statute Article 27 and customary international law immunities following arrest warrants issued for sitting government leadership.
Breaking down the ICJ's sweeping July 2024 Advisory Opinion declaring prolonged occupation unlawful, identifying apartheid breaches, and creating mandatory third-party non-recognition duties.
How the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea classified atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions as marine pollution, establishing strict environmental due diligence under Part XII.
Examining domestic judicial attempts to pierce foreign sovereign immunity for atrocity crimes and the ICJ's strict procedural demarcation under customary international law.
Analyzing whether disabling critical national infrastructure via malware constitutes a 'use of force' or an 'armed attack' justifying unilateral kinetic self-defense.
Evaluating legal liabilities under the Environmental Modification Convention and Additional Protocol I following maritime critical infrastructure demolitions.
Re-examining the 2016 South China Sea Arbitral Award: why engineering sand onto submerged reefs cannot generate territorial sea or exclusive economic zones under UNCLOS Article 121.